Analysis of Inflammation Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate in Patients with COPD Combined with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most significant diseases due to its high prevalence and impact on prog- nosis. The frequency exacerbations comorbidity are important factors influencing course COPD. It believed that local systemic inflammation may underlie this heterogeneous In regard, assessment activity in respiratory tract be useful assess Aim. To study molecular mechanisms COPD biomarkers exhaled breath condensate (EBC) patients with phenotype frequent combined peripheral atherosclerosis. Materials Methods. Bioinformatic analysis data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was performed examine gene ontology differentially expressed genes Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) EBC without concomitant atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) stable phase, ex- acerbations artery (PAD) compared healthy controls were examined. Results. Differentially involved biological processes signaling pathways according Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG pathway) associated immune response link development progression Patients atherosclerosis had higher values IL-1β TNFα (p <0.001). PAD highest levels ASCVD (p=0.0038 p=0.0005, respectively). Conclusion. IL1-β elevated PAD, which indicate presence airways, severity clinical